Archives Ouvertes HAL
Toutes les publications de l'ENAC en direct.
All ENAC publications.
[hal-02008597] Interfaces pilotes-systèmes tactiles des cockpits aéronautiques : risques majeurs potentiels pour la sécurité aérienne et apports possibles des TEI (Tangible Embodied Interaction)
Dans le contexte Life-critical du cockpit des avions de ligne, la tendance est de remplacer les interfaces pilotes-systèmes actuelles, qui associent affichage numérique des informations et contrôleurs physiques, par de nouvelles avioniques basées sur l’utilisation de larges surfaces tactiles. Le défi pour l'industrie est de répondre à la complexité croissante des systèmes avec une plus grande flexibilité et des coûts réduits. Les écrans tactiles permettent également des interactions efficaces pour les pilotes, grâce à la manipulation directe des objets, la plasticité de l'interface, l'adaptabilité au contexte de vol ou une meilleure gestion des ressources cognitives....
[hal-02010869] Aircraft Fault Tolerant Control Based on Two-stage Approach and Interior Point Method
The main objective of this paper is how to make the best use of remaining available actuators when an aircraft with an aerodynamic actuator failure tries to perform a guidance maneuver. Considering the flight dynamics of a transportation aircraft can be expressed as an input affine nonlinear system, a two-stage control approach is adopted here. At the first stage, nonlinear inverse control technique is used to generate virtual inputs related to the intended maneuver. At the second stage, an actuator reassignment problem how to achieve necessary virtual inputs by remaining available actuators is considered. Taking into account the physical limits of the remaining...
[hal-01886537] Direct Route Optimization for Air Traffic Management Improvement
Aircraft are able to connect any pair of points on earth by using direct routing thanks to the flight management system (FMS) which is the on-board system in charge of the navigation. From an air traffic control point of view, such direct routing is only possible in low density areas. When demand is high, aircraft have to stay on a route network for which crossing points are well located and do not change with time. This location stability, helps controllers to manage efficiently the traffic and ensure a higher capacity compared with management of the same traffic with direct routes for which crossing points always change in space and in time dimensions. This instability...
[hal-02017122] Subgraphs and Motifs in a Dynamic Airline Network
How does the small-scale topological structure of an airline network behave as the network evolves? To address this question, we study the dynamic and spatial properties of small undirected subgraphs using 15 years of data on Southwest Airlines' domestic route service. We find that this real-world network has much in common with random graphs, and describe a possible power-law scaling between subgraph counts and the number of edges in the network, that appears to be quite robust to changes in network density and size. We use analytic formulae to identify statistically over-and under-represented subgraphs, known as motifs and anti-motifs, and discover the existence of...
[hal-02018190] Diagnostics of GNSS-based Virtual Balise in Railway Using Embedded Odometry and Track Geometry
The use of GNSS in the railway sector has been postulated on the notion of a Virtual Balise (VB). The VB-based positioning system works by setting a VB point on the railway track and determining the passage of the VB point using the position solution from the GNSS receiver. Although augmentation systems such as SBAS or GBAS are able to satisfy the integrity requirements of the aviation standards down to the 10-7 level, it is difficult to satisfy the high integrity requirements of the railway sector because firstly the railway users located on the ground are affected by the ground environment such as terrain, buildings and tunnels and secondly because the stringency of...
[hal-01705849] Validation of Existing GNSS Multipath Model
When navigating on the airport surface, aircraft ground position and ground velocity can be estimated using a large variety of sensors, such as Global Navigation Satellite System, Inertial Navigation System, Wheel Speed Sensors and others. The largest contributing sensor is the GNSS, but measurements from this sensor are affected by signal blockage and multipath. In [Che10], a GNSS multipath simulator for airport navigation has been proposed. In this multipath simulator, up to now, a far-field aircraft+antenna radiation pattern has been used. It has been obtained from measurements at L1 frequency on one scaled aircraft. This means that for different antennas and aircraft...
[hal-02005017] Importance of the Antenna Model to Assess GNSS Multipath in Airport Environments
For GNSS systems, the gain, phase and group-delay patterns of the receiver antenna have an impact on the pseudo-ranges, i.e. the apparent distances to the satellites estimated by the receiver. In the presence of multipath, this impact is difficult to assess because multipath and antenna effects are mixed. In this article, these sources of pseudo-range error are analyzed by means of simulations for an aircraft moving at the surface of an airport. For the simulations, we rely on a hybrid statistical-deterministic GNSS multipath simulator combined with a receiver simulator. Various antenna models are tested, e.g. an ideal isotropic antenna and a realistic antenna mounted on...
[tel-02004463] Human-computer interactions in a cyber-physical system for the surgical suite
Surgical suites are a group of rooms designed to provide all surgical services to patients. They include surgery, preparation and anesthesia for the patient, sterile preparation of the surgeon, instrument and materials sterilization and storage, instrument cleaning, operating rooms and recovery room. A key activity in a surgical suite is its management e.g. scheduling cases, allocating staff, monitoring the status of operations, and most crucially reacting/adapting according to contingencies. Surgical suite management plays a key role in the endeavor of hospitals: patients’ health at sustainable cost. Since half of the revenue of large hospitals comes from operating room...
[hal-01998724] Gaussian process metamodeling of functional-input code for coastal flood hazard assessment
In this article we investigate the construction of metamodels when the numerical code has functional inputs. We compare diverse Gaussian process metamodeling approaches that take into account the functional structure of the data. We discuss two methods to tune the dimension of the projection when functional inputs are decomposed on a functional basis: (i) based on the error of the projection; (ii) based on the performance of the metamodel. We further propose a methodology that allows to detect the optimal projection of the input function. We apply this methodology to the real case study of coastal flooding in the peninsula of Gâvres. Results show that the approach based...